1.
Stone, Richard
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......economic activity (for the Organization for European Economic Cooperation and later for the United Nations), studied consumer behavior, constructed an econometric model of the British economy, and did work on social demography. For his contributions to......
2.
computer music
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......Interface—see electronic music) and software synthesis. In MIDI production a computer...synthesizers and signal-processing devices. Software synthesis, however, involves the use...at Princeton. Today major centers of software synthesis include the Institute for......
3.
Gates, Bill
- Publication:
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......1974) the Microsoft Corp., a computer software firm, with Paul Allen. They began by...purchasing the rights to convert an existing software package. In 1980 they agreed to produce...Microsoft the world's largest producer of software for microcomputers. In 1997 the U......
4.
object-oriented programming
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......modular approach to computer program (software) design. Each module, or object...Oman and T. G. Lewis, Milestones in Software Evolution (1990); T. Budd, An Introduction...Object-Oriented Programming: The Software Development Revolution (1993); P......
5.
pen-based computer
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......computer,computer that uses pattern-recognition software to enable it to accept handwriting as a form of input...input is not always accurately interpreted by the software. Some software requires the use of a specially modified alphabet......
6.
cellular telephone
- Publication:
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......readers, and many other specialized software applications. Such phones typically...portable computers in many uses. The software needed for smartphone programs...can make the devices vulnerable to software viruses.The first cellular telephone......
7.
multimedia
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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...multimedia, in personal computing, software and applications that combine text...versatile disc) drive, as well as special software to utilize many of these devices. A...for video input or output. Multimedia software is used for electronic publishing and......
8.
Torvalds, Linus Benedict
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......1969–, Finnish-American computer software engineer. A member of Finland's Swedish...kernel in 1994. Together with other free software developed under the GNU public license...at Transmeta Corp. in California as a software developer while continuing to supervise......
9.
Israel (country, Asia)
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......businesses, with emphasis on computers, software, aviation, telecommunications, biotechnology...exports include machinery and equipment, software, high-technology and military products...rough diamonds, fuels, grain, and consumer goods. Although Israel imports more......
10.
computer program
- Publication:
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......computer can interpret and execute; programs are also called software to distinguish them from hardware, the physical equipment used...environmental conditions.See F. Maddix and G. Morgan, Systems Software: An Introduction to Language Processors and Operating Systems......