1.
advertising
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......announcement; for example, entrepreneurs in ancient Egypt used criers...advertising began to evolve. The advertising agency, working on a commission...products. The major U.S. advertising media are newspapers, magazines...Wide Web in the 1990s, the Internet has also become an important ......
2.
communications industry
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......news, entertainment, and advertising to nearly all U.S. homes...end of the 20th cent. The Internet, which originated in the...a medium for selling and marketing products. The growth of U.S. advertising, which increased from...cable television and the Internet, and greatly contributed......
3.
marketing
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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...marketing, in economics, that part...integrity of the merchant. Advertising has created an international...308 billion was spent on advertising in the United States alone...e-commerce" ) on the Internet.Services are marketed in...and the like. Methods of marketing now include market research......
4.
press, freedom of the
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......amendment's purview, and others, like commercial speech (advertising or product claims), receive a reduced level of protection...to be afforded users of on-line computer services, the Internet, and other new means of publication are the focus of a...struck down the new Communications Decency Act, holding that ......
5.
news agency
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......newspaper publishing and broadcasting due to the rise of the Internet. After World War II many agencies, including Reuters...publishes dozens of newspapers and magazines, has its own advertising and public relations firms, and runs a school of journalism...Information is now transmitted by satellite service or ......
6.
broadcasting
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......1920 at 8XK (later KDKA) in Pittsburgh. The sale of advertising was started in 1922, establishing commercial broadcasting as an industry. Radio became increasingly attractive as an advertising medium with the coming of network operation. A coast...programs may now be viewed, heard, or downloaded over the ......
7.
censorship
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......prosecutions during this time were dismissed; in a famous case in the 1960s publisher Ralph Ginzburg was convicted of advertising in an obscene manner.As Supreme Court decisions struck down many obscenity statutes, states responded by enacting...banned from commercial cable-television stations but not from ......
8.
cable television
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......such as the proceedings of the British House of Commons. The industry finances its programming from subscriber fees and advertising revenue. New technologies, such as fiber optics, digital compression, and interactive television, allow cable operators...programming choices and services. The cable lines installed by ......
9.
Communist party (in China)
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......essentially rejected the notion of class struggle in 2001 when he promoted the recruitment of business executives and entrepreneurs as party members. Jiang was succeeded as party leader by Hu Jintao, who largely maintained the status quo and was not......
10.
social welfare
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......dependents and provide special treatment for each group on the local (parish) level. During the Industrial Revolution, many entrepreneurs believed that social welfare programs undertaken by the state violated the concepts of laissez faire and therefore opposed......