1.
conservatism
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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...conservatism, in politics...existing order. Conservatives value the wisdom...Modern political conservatism emerged in the...which English conservatives usually led the...the 20th cent. conservatism was being redirected......
2.
Conservative party (Canadian political party)
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......Alliance (CA). In 1993 the Progressive Conservatives, who had held a parliamentary majority...2004 elections the party's social conservatism failed to resonate with enough voters...been further hurt by scandal, and the Conservatives secured a plurality of the seats in......
3.
progressivism
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......national politics. Little headway was made, however, since conservatives controlled the Senate. Some progress was made against the...1915 (1963, repr. 1986); G. Kolko, The Triumph of Conservatism (1963, repr. 1967); D. A. Shannon, ed., Progressivism......
4.
Metternich, Clemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Fürst von
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......revolutionary excesses, to which he later credited his extreme conservatism and hatred of political unrest. In 1795...arbiter of Europe. Using skillful diplomacy as the leader of conservatism in Europe, Metternich was the guiding spirit of the international......
5.
Alexander I (czar of Russia)
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......liberal, but from 1812 on, Alexander was preoccupied by a vague, mystical Christianity, which contributed to his increasing conservatism. Under the influence of the pietistic Juliana Krüdener and others, he created the Holy Alliance to uphold Christian morality......
6.
Calles, Plutarco Elías
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......suppressed, and a Callista-backed fascist organization, the Gold Shirts, harassed minority groups. As the new champion of conservatism, Calles in 1935 openly opposed the policies of his former protégé, Lázaro Cárdenas, but was defeated in the contest......
7.
Chandler (family of American real estate developers and publishers)
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......circulation beginning in the late 1940s, and also achieved national stature. Norman Chandler also moderated the paper's conservatism some. He also headed the Times Mirror Company, the newpaper's parent company, which became the publisher of reference......
8.
Johnson, Samuel (English author)
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......preface and critical notes are still highly valued. In the 1770s Johnson wrote a series of Tory pamphlets. His political conservatism was based upon a profound skepticism as to the perfectibility of human nature. Although personally generous and compassionate......
9.
liberalism
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......them and thus can achieve systematic improvement in the human condition. Often opposed to liberalism is the doctrine of conservatism, which, simply stated, supports the maintenance of the status quo. Liberalism, which seeks what it considers to be improvement......
10.
Liverpool, Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2d earl of
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......and attempted to deal with the social and economic malaise that followed. His early domestic policy was typified by a strong conservatism in the face of changing social and economic conditions and by repressive legislation, including the periodic suspension of......