1.
evidence
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......The Role of Evidence in a Trial; Burdens of ProofIn criminal trials, the...plaintiff to present evidence first. At the...presentation the criminal or civil defendant...certain types of evidence before the trial. In criminal cases, the judge......
2.
grand jury
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......complaints and accusations in criminal cases, hears evidence adduced by the state, and approves...satisfied that there is enough evidence against the accused to warrant...the case. Hearsay and other evidence that might be excluded at a......
3.
procedure
- Publication:
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......procedure in Anglo-American law (for criminal procedure, see criminal law). Except for evidence, procedure conventionally embraces all...fact is resolved by the presentation of evidence to the jury, or, in cases tried without......
4.
Sacco-Vanzetti Case
- Publication:
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......neither, however, had a criminal record, nor was there any evidence of their having had any of...criticized. Later much of the evidence against them was discredited...Kaiser, Postmortem: New Evidence in the Case of Sacco and Vanzetti......
5.
contempt
- Publication:
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......authority, the contempt is criminal; if it is to enforce the...by a judge is a direct criminal contempt. Disobeying an...the court needs to hear evidence to determine if a contempt was committed. Direct criminal contempts may be punished......
6.
Stephen, Sir James Fitzjames
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......wrote A General View of the Criminal Law (1863) to expose certain...to contracts, crime, and evidence. Parliament, however, never...proposed codification of English criminal law. Stephen contrasted what...Stephen was (1879–91) a criminal court judge. He was made a......
7.
DNA fingerprinting
- Publication:
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......occurs. ApplicationsIn criminal investigations, the DNA...compared to that of the evidence from the crime scene to...distinguished from normal DNA evidence.The techniques used in...Double Helix and the Law of Evidence (2010)....
8.
conspiracy
- Publication:
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......a strike, might be criminal. In 1875, Britain...modification of the rules of evidence and the potential for...rules against hearsay evidence. The conspiracy can be proved by circumstantial evidence. Any conspirator is...not Congress imposed criminal sanctions on the activity......
9.
jury
- Publication:
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......the right to a jury in state criminal trials. Most U.S. states...The Modern JuryIn most criminal cases the charge is first considered...believe that there is sufficient evidence to prosecute, an indictment...essentially alike in civil and in criminal cases. The venire, a panel......
10.
war crimes
- Publication:
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......in Nov., 1945. Voluminous evidence was presented to prove the plotting...nation tribunal in Tokyo. Evidence similar to that presented against...previously and explicitly called criminal, and the judges tended to define...Netherlands, and attempted to gather evidence for prosecutions; Serbs, ......