1.
opiate drug
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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...opiate drug, any of a group of drugs derived from opium. Used medicinally to relieve pain and induce sleep, they...drugs that have morphinelike pharmacological action. All opiates are considered controlled substances by U.S. law and......
2.
opium
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......railroad, brought the opium-smoking habit to the...During the 19th cent. opium was grown in the United...indiscriminate medical use, opiates were available in the...medicines, and smoking in opium dens was unhindered, resulting in an epidemic of opiate addiction by the late......
3.
drug addiction and drug abuse
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......its stereotypical application to opiate-drug users was invalid because...certain social contexts. In India opium has been used for centuries without...Morphine, a strictly controlled opiate, and synthetic opiates, such as fentanyl, are most......
4.
Opium Wars
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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...Opium Wars, 1839–42 and 1856–60, two wars...cent., British merchants began smuggling opium into China in order to balance their purchases...enforced its prohibitions on the importation of opium by destroying at Guangzhou (Canton) a large......
5.
heroin
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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...heroin (hĕ´rəwən), opiate drug synthesized from morphine (see...ProductionMost heroin originates from opium poppy farms in SW Asia (the "Golden...American (primarily Colombia). The opium gum is converted to morphine in labs near......
6.
endorphins
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......distributed throughout the nervous system. Endorphins interact with opiate receptor neurons to reduce the intensity of pain: among individuals...morphine and codeine, act like endorphins and actually activate opiate receptors. Besides behaving as a pain regulator, endorphins......
7.
methadone
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......and drowsiness, but lasts much longer (one to two days) and does not create the sometimes fatal respiratory depression that opiates do. Its continued use as a heroin substitute eventually restores sexual, immune, and adrenal function. When methadone is......
8.
obesity
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......obesity can come from an eating disorder. It has been shown, for example, that binging for some people releases natural opiates in the brain, providing a sense of well-being and physical pleasure. Other studies have found a strong relationship between......
9.
morphine
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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...morphine, principal derivative of opium, which is the juice in the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. It was first isolated from opium in 1803 by the German pharmacist F. W. A. Sertürner, who named it after Morpheus......
10.
Afghanistan
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......other grains, fruits, and nuts. The opium poppy, grown mainly for the international...country is the world's largest producer of opium, and of hashish, obtained from hemp...collapse of Afghanistan's industry.Opium, fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets......