1.
secret police
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......purposes of its government, often with terroristic...The Nature of a Secret PoliceEnforcement...branch of the government. In extreme cases such a secret police force may...1917 the Soviet government instituted its own secret police, the Cheka......
2.
Triad Society
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......coast. In times of peace the secret societies functioned as fraternal...64) brought a revival of secret-society militancy and anti...revolution of 1911. The Communist government of China launched (1949–50) a campaign to eliminate secret societies soon after assuming......
3.
Freemasonry
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......teachings and practices of the secret fraternal order officially...banned, it forms the largest secret society in the world. There...toleration, loyalty to local government, and political compromise as...awards 30 higher degrees, from Secret Master (Fourth Degree) to......
4.
Irish Republican Army
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......objectives in 1949, and by government measures against its...governments, it became a secret organization. It perpetrated...the new Northern Irish government established in Dec...Britain suspended the new government in 2000 and again in...disarming, albeit in secret. A number of incidents......
5.
Yalta Conference
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......important decisions made remained secret until the end of World War II for...on reorganizing the Polish Lublin government (supported by Stalin) "on a broader...an occupation zone in Korea. The secret agreement respecting the disposal......
6.
Alexander I (czar of Russia)
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......influence Alexander. He suppressed the secret police, lifted the ban on foreign...His policies caused the formation of secret political societies, and when Alexander...tomb was opened (1926) by the Soviet government and was found empty; the mystery remains......
7.
Babeuf, François Noël
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......Calling himself Gracchus Babeuf, he formed a secret society that plotted to overthrow the government; it became known as the Conspiracy of the...as Babouvism, were kept alive, largely by secret revolutionary societies and by his co-conspirators......
8.
Mafia
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......than 60 of its alleged leaders were surprised at a secret meeting at Apalachin, N.Y. About one third of...2005); S. E. Scorza, compiler, Mafia: The Government's Secret File on Organized Crime (2007)....
9.
Charles II (king of England, Scotland, and Ireland)
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......to withdraw.Charles's government endorsed the foreign policy...with whom he negotiated the secret Treaty of Dover (1670...the introduction of arbitrary government and Roman Catholicism. Charles...Parliament, signed a series of secret agreements with Louis XIV......
10.
communism
- Publication:
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......Forms and TheoriesCommunism as a theory of government and social reform may be said, in a limited...lived on, and the organization of his secret revolutionary society on the "cell" system...the survival or revival of Babouvism in secret French and Italian revolutionary societies......