1.
European Union
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......and the Council of the European Union; it is also where...various committees of the European Parliament generally meet...Strasbourg, France. The European Central Bank is in Frankfurt...Luxembourg. EvolutionThe history of the EU began shortly......
2.
Restoration (in French history)
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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...Restoration, in French history, the period from 1814 to 1830. It began with the first abdication...Restoration (1936); G. de Bertier de Sauvigny, France and the European Alliance (1958), D. P. Resnick, The White Terror and the Political......
3.
commune (in medieval history)
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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...commune (kôm´yōōn), in medieval history, collective institution that developed in continental Europe...alliances with them. However, in the 16th and 17th cent., when European states (notably France and Spain) became centralized, the......
4.
February Revolution (in French history)
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......constitution Prince Louis Napoleon (later Napoleon III) was elected president. The February revolution set off revolutions in most European nations, but, as in France, the movement failed virtually everywhere (see revolutions of 1848). See A. de Tocqueville......
5.
Socialist parties
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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...Socialist parties in European history, political organizations formed in European countries to achieve the goals of socialism...Western Europe (1984); A. S. Lindemann, A History of European Socialism (1984); J. Tomaszewski, The......
6.
Ranke, Leopold von
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......Ranke's work that he regarded history as the result of the divine will...sought to apply his methods to the history of all European nations, and his investigations...his Weltgeschichte [universal history] (9 vol., 1881–88).The......
7.
West Indies
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......Christopher Columbus was the first European to visit several of the islands...In 1496 the first permanent European settlement was made by the...constant warfare among the European colonial powers for control...From Columbus to Castro: The History of the Caribbean, 1492–1969......
8.
Holocaust
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......and extermination of European Jews by Nazi Germany...Europe has had a long history, organized persecution of...The destruction of European Jewry has demanded a...of a God, active in history, who rewards the righteous...and The Destruction of European Jews (3 vol., 3d......
9.
Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......dominated the diplomatic history of Western Europe...as Great Britain. A European conference (1878...and a powerful Central European bloc was created...turned diplomatic history into new channels...and a hostile Central European combination, felt......
10.
Marxism
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......of society is the inexorable "history of class struggle." According...Internationals, it had permeated the European trade union movement, and the...parties (see Socialist parties, in European history) were committed to it in theory......