1.
Gnosticism
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......literature of the pseudepigrapha.Some Gnostics taught that the world is ruled by evil...knowledge of humanity's divine origin. Gnostics held secret formulas, which they believed...spirit and could never be saved; the Gnostics proper (pneumatic) bore knowingly the......
2.
demiurge
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......of the lowest order of spirits or aeons. According to the Gnostics, the Demiurge was able to endow man only with psyche (sensuous...the pneuma (rational soul) having been added by God. The Gnostics identified the Demiurge with the Jehovah of the Hebrews. In......
3.
Valentinus
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......discovered Coptic manuscript "Gospel of Truth" may be by Valentinus. See J. Doresse, The Secret Books of the Egyptian Gnostics (tr. 1960); K. Grobel, The Gospel of Truth (1960); K. Rudolph, Gnosis (1982); B. Walker, Gnosticism (1986......
4.
abracadabra
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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...abracadabra (ăb´rəkədăb´rə), magical formula used by the Gnostics (see Gnosticism) to invoke the aid of benevolent spirits to ward off disease and affliction. It is supposed to be derived from the abraxas......
5.
antinomianism
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......the belief that Christians are not bound by the moral law, particularly that of the Old Testament. The idea was strong among the Gnostics, especially Marcion. Certain heretical sects in the Middle Ages practiced sexual license as an expression of Christian freedom......
6.
snake worship
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......worship: The snake has been variously adored as a regenerative power, as a god of evil, as a god of good, as Christ (by the Gnostics), as a phallic deity, as a solar deity, and as a god of death. It has also served as the symbol of Satan and many deities......
7.
Irenaeus, Saint
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......works survive—neither in the original Greek. The five-volume Against Heresies establishes Christian doctrine against the Gnostics and incidentally supplies much information on Gnosticism. The Epideixix is a concise exposition of Christian doctrine (tr......
8.
Mandaeans
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......cults of the Magi in the last centuries BC Their emanation system and their dualism suggest a Gnostic origin, but unlike the Gnostics, they abhor asceticism and emphasize fertility. Although some of their practices were influenced by Christianity, Judaism......
9.
theosophy
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......theosophist uses these theories to formulate a complete philosophy of humanity and nature. HistoryThe Neoplatonists, the Gnostics, and the kabbalists are generally considered types of theosophists. Jakob Boehme, regarded as the father of modern theosophy......
10.
witchcraft
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......found in the pre-Christian, pagan cults such as the Teutonic nature cults; Roman religion; and the speculations of the Gnostics (see Gnosticism), the Zoroastrians, and the Manicheans. These religions and philosophies believed in a power of evil and......