My warm thanks are due to my two alleged pupils -- sed plus docuerunt, quam didicerunt -- Mr J. Bak and Mr L. Péter, for their criticisms and suggestions on respectively the earlier and later chapters of this book. They are, of course, blameless for any errors of fact which have escaped their scrutiny, and for interpretations and judgments which reflect a view of Hungarian history, and of many persons and processes in it, with which they must not be held to agree.

C. A. MACARTNEY

All Souls College, Oxford

November, 1961.