These notes are in addition to the references made in the text.
The psychology of expertise. Besides the book by Chi, Glaser, and Farr (1988), see the works by Ericsson (e.g., Ericsson, 1996; Ericsson & Charness, 1994, 1997; Ericsson & Smith, 1991b); Feltovich, Ford, and Hoffman (1997); Hoffman (1992); Hoffman, Shadbolt, Burton, and Klein (1995); and Wright and Bolger (1992). An interdisciplinary view on expertise is provided by Williams, Faulkner, and Fleck (1998). This book touches on several points relevant to a social psychology of expertise, such as the fact that “what counts as expertise is socially contingent” (p. 8) or the “tradeability” of expertise (chap. 7). As to research in Germany, see, for example, Bromme (1992) and Gruber and Ziegler (1996).
Bootstrapping. The result that statistical diagnoses outperformed clinicians' judgments (Goldberg, 1969, 1970) is more generally known as bootstrapping (see e.g., Bolger & Wright, 1992; Blattberg & Hoch, 1990; Dawes & Corrigan, 1974): Using a (regression) model of our own diagnostic judgments, anyone
-178-
