About the Author | xvii | |
Preface | xix | |
I Overview | 1 | |
1. | Introduction | 3 |
Research Activities | 7 | |
A Point of View | 7 | |
Objectives and Organization | 9 | |
Summary | 11 | |
For Review | 11 | |
2. | A Model of Empirical Research | 13 |
Research Variables | 14 | |
Conceptual and Operational Variables | 14 | |
Dependent and Independent Variables | 15 | |
The Model | 16 | |
Conceptual Relationships | 17 | |
Operational Relationships | 18 | |
Empirical Relationships | 18 | |
Causal Relationships | 18 | |
Conceptual to Operational Relationships | 19 | |
Generalizing From the Model | 21 | |
Statistical Generalization | 22 | |
External Generalization | 22 | |
Summary | 23 | |
For Review | 25 | |
II Measurement: Understanding Construct Validity | 29 | |
3. | Measurement Foundations: Validity and Validation | 31 |
Construct Definitions | 32 |
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