I am most grateful to Ian Beckett, William Philpott, Gregory Martin, Tim Travers, and John Turner for allowing me to read unpublished manuscripts of their books and articles. My colleague Kathleen Burk permitted me to read transcripts of manuscript material she had collected. Once again the members of the military history seminar at the Institute of Historical Research, especially my colleagues Brian Bond, Michael Dockrill, and Brian Holden- Reid, provided some much-needed encouragement. I have given drafts of parts of this book as seminar papers and lectures at colleges and universities in Britain, the USA, and Switzerland. I am most grateful to those who took the time and trouble to comment on my ideas. Keith Neilson again cast a friendly but critical eye over my manuscript and insisted that I tried to write what I meant. However, he is not responsible for what appears in this book, and all errors of fact or judgement are my own.
The following individuals and institutions have kindly given me permission to quote from material to which they own the copyright: Mr Robin Denniston; Earl Derby; Earl Haig; the Master and Fellows, Churchill College, Cambridge; the Warden and Fellows, New College, Oxford; the Clerk of the Records, House of Lords Record Office; Lord Robertson; the Trustees of the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College, London; the Trustees of the Imperial War Museum. Crown copyright material appears with the kind permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
It would have been impossible to write this book without the help and courtesy of numerous archivists and librarians, and I would especially like to thank the staff of the following institutions for their assistance: the Library of University College, London; Senate House Library of the University of London; the Institute of Historical Research, University of London; the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College, London; the Department of Western Manuscripts of the Bodleian Library, Oxford; the Department of Documents, the Imperial War Museum; the Public
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