Contents
| 1 A Philosophical Position , 3 | |||||||||
2 The Gene as a Unit of Selection , 10
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3 Clade Selection and Macroevolution ,23
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| 4 Levels of Selection Among Interactors , 38 | |||||||||
| 4.1 Adaptation as the material effect of response to selection , 38 | |||||||||
| 4.2 Natural selection within organisms , 41 | |||||||||
| 4.3 Selection of individuals in populations , 43 | |||||||||
| 4.4 Trait-group selection , 45 | |||||||||
| 4.5 Selection of populations within species , 46 | |||||||||
| 4.6 An aside on beehives and haystacks , 48 | |||||||||
| 4.7 Selection among more inclusive phylads , 50 | |||||||||
| 4.8 Clade selection and punctuated equilibria , 53 | |||||||||
| 4.9 Genealogically mixed interactors , 54 |
| 5 Optimization and Related Concepts , 56 | |
| 5.1 Frequency-dependent selection , 56 | |
| 5.2 Parameter optimization , 60 | |
| 5.3 Character values and fitness values , 65 | |
| 5.4 Strategies, tactics, and winnings , 69 |
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