17.Cf. Jerzy J. Wiatr, "Spor nie tylko o wojsko", Nowa Europa, 28 May 1992.
18. Wiatr, Soldier and the Nation, pp. 131-42 and 186-87.
19.CBOS mimeographed research reports: "Instytucje spoleczne i politycznc--zmiany w spolecznym odbiorze" ( June 1992); "Instytucje publiczne" ( September 1993).
20. Andrzej Gestern, "Krzywa falujaca", Rzeczpospolita, 7-8 November 1992.
Important personalities
Wojciech Jaruzelski, General Minister of National Defense ( 1968-83), Prime Minister
( 1981-85), Chairman of State Council ( 1985-89), President ( 1989-90).
Czeslaw Kiszczak, General, Minister of Internal Affairs ( 1981-90) Janusz Onyszkiewicz, Deputy Minister of National Defense ( 1990-91), Minister of National Defense since July 1992.
Jan Parys, first civilian of Poland, Head of State and Commander-in-Chief ( 1918-21), leader of the coup d'etat in 1926, the dominant person in the military regime 1926-
35 (several times Prime Minister, Minister of War, and General Inspector of the Armed
Forces).
Edward Rydz-Smigly, Marshal of Poland, Pilsudski's successor as General Inspector of
the Armed Forces ( 1935-39), Commander-in-Chief during the campaign of 1939.
Wladyslaw Sikorski, General, Prime Minister ( 1922-23), Minister of War ( 1924-25),
removed from command positions after the 1926 coup, Prime Minister and Commander-in-Chief in the Polish government-in-exile ( 1939-43).
Florian Siwicki, General, Minister of National Defense ( 1983-90).
Marian Spychalski, Marshal of Poland, Minister of National Defense ( 1956-68).
Lech Walesa, Chairman of Solidarity ( 1980-90), President of Poland ( 1990-95).
Tadeusz Wilecki, General, Chief of General Staff (since 1992).
REFERENCES
Korbonski Andrzej. "Civil-Military Relations in Poland between the Wars, 1918-39". Armed Forces and Society 14, no. 2 ( 1988): 169-89.
-----. "The Dilemmas of Civil-Military Relations in Contemporary Poland, 1945-
1981". Armed Forces and Society 8, no. 1 ( 1981): 3-20.
Sanford George. Military Rule in Poland: The Rebuilding of Communist Power in 1981-
1983. London and Sydney: Croom Helms, 1986.
Walicki Andrzej. "The Paradoxes of Jaruzelski's Poland". Archive EuropI+00E9ne de Sociologie 26 ( 1985): 167-90.
Wiatr Jerzy J. "The Military Regime in Poland, 1926-1939, in a Comparative Perspective". In
Morris Janowitz and
Jacques van Doom, eds., On Military Intervention, 61-91. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1971.
-----. The Soldier and the Nation: The Role of the Military in Polish Politics, 1918-
1985. Boulder and London: Westview Press, 1988.
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