| 3. No evidence was found that guilt or sex-negative attitudes contribute to a person forming a homosexual identity. Neither was the stereotype of Catholics being disproportionately guilt-ridden supported by the current study. | |
| 4. If churches are to participate in reconciling the alienation experienced by homosexual persons, some action such as special ministries and training of those involved in pastoral care of homosexual persons is required. |
NOTES
1.
Mic. 6:8(Jerusalem Bible).
3.
Bell &
Weinberg [ 1978]; Jay & Young [ 1979]; Kinsey Pomeroy &
Martin
[ 1948]; Saghir &
Robbins [ 1973].
4.
Hellman, et al. [ 1981]; Weintraub &
Aronson [ 1974].
5.
This hypothesis was based in part on clinical observation [ Pomeroy, 1966]
and on Weinberg [ 1972] finding that religiosity was one of five motives
sustaining homophobia -- that is, the irrational fear of homosexuality -- Hellman
et al. [ 1981] argue that the Catholic homosexuality taboo leads to a metamorphosis in
core-morphological identity from male to female. Thus transsexualism is
disproportionately adopted as a defense strategy against homosexuality by those of
Catholic upbringing, which, according to Hellman et al. [ 1981], results in an
under-representation of homosexuals of Catholic background.
6.
Respectively, 21% versus 6%, p .05.
7.
Watchman [ 1986].
8.
Dr.
MacDonald was the former medical superintendent of Auckland's
psychiatric hospitals. Quoted in
Watchman [ 1986].
9.
Dr.
Donnelly is a prominent local lecturer in community medicine,
author, and Catholic priest. Quoted in
Watchman [ 1986].
10.
Weinberg [ 1972].
11.
Bierly [ 1985].
12.
Gallup &
Castelli [ 1987].
13.
Chandler [ 1988]. While the distinction of culpability is often made in
Catholic moral theology between sinful and immoral activity, the attitude of the
laity expressed here appears in marked contrast to official promulgations of
homosexual acts as "intrinsically disordered," "evil," and "immoral" and
homosexuality as "an objective disorder" [Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of
the Faith, 1986].
14.
Brinkerhoff &
MacKie [ 1985].
15.
Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith [ 1975; 1986].
16.
While the Vatican Council considerably modified Catholic
conservatism, teaching, and direction, Greeley [ 1976] has identified Humanae
Vitae as having an even stronger and identifiably negative dynamic on Catholic
attitude, orthodoxy, and religious devotion than Vatican II.
17.
Kosnik et al. [ 1977].
18.
See, for example, Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith [ 1975; 1986].
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